Select groups of Peer-reviewed Publications:
All Peer-reviewed Publications:
2012
Levin, M., (2012), Molecular bioelectricity in developmental biology: new tools and recent discoveries. BioEssays, 34(3); in press
Pai, V., Aw, S., Shomrat, T., Lemire, J. M., and Levin, M., (2012), Transmembrane voltage potential controls embryonic eye patterning in Xenopus laevis. Development, 139: 313-323

2011
Blackiston, D., Adams, D. S., Lemire, J. M., Lobikin, M., and Levin, M., (2011), Transmembrane potential of GlyCl-expressing instructor cells induces a neoplastic-like conversion of melanocytes via a serotonergic pathway. Disease Models and Mechanisms, 4: 67-85 [ cover ]

Beane, W. S., Morokuma, J., Adams, D. S., and Levin, M., (2011), A chemical genetics approach reveals H,K-ATPase-mediated membrane voltage is required for planarian head regeneration. Cell Chemistry and Biology, 18: 77-89
Lange, C., Silvia, P., Knuckles, P., Taylor, V., Levin, M., Calegari, F., (2011), The H+ V-ATPase maintains neural stem cells in the developing mouse cortex. Stem Cells and Development, 20(5): 1-8
Blackiston, D., Shomrat, T., Nicolas, C. L., Granata, C., and Levin, M., (2011), A second-generation device for automated training and quantitative behavior analyses of molecularly-tractable model organisms. PLoS One, 5(12): e14370 (p. 1-20)
Carneiro, K., et al., and M. Levin, (2011), Histone deacetylase activity is necessary for left-right patterning during vertebrate development. BMC Developmental Biology,11:29doi:10.1186/1471-213X-11-29
Vandenberg, L. N., B. W. Pennarola, and M. Levin, (2011), Low frequency vibrations disrupt left-right patterning in the Xenopus embryo. PLoS One, 6(8): e23306
Mondia, J. P., Adams, D. S., Orendorff, R. D., Levin, M., and Omenetto, F., (2011), Patterned femtosecond-laser ablation of Xenopus laevis melanocytes for studies of cell migration, wound repair, and developmental processes. Biomedical Optics Express, 2(8): 2383-2391
Mondia, J. P., Levin, M., Omenetto, F. G., Orendorff, R. D., Branch, M. R., and Adams, D. S., (2011), Long-distance signals are required for morphogenesis of the regenerating Xenopus tadpole tail. PLoS One, 6(9): e24953.
Tseng, A-S., Carneiro, K., Lemire, J. M., and Levin, M., (2011), HDAC activity is required during Xenopus tail regeneration. PLoS One, 6(10): e26382. 
Vandenberg, L. N., and M. Levin, (2011), Polarity proteins are required for left-right axis orientation and twin-twin instruction. Genesis, in press
Levin, M. (2011), Endogenous bioelectrical signals in development, regeneration, and neoplasm, in Topical Talks: The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks Ltd, London. Access presentation
Levin, M. (2011), Left-Right Asymmetry in Embryonic Development: How epigenetic, biophysical forces and gene activity interplay to determine a major embryonic axis, in Topical Talks: The Biomedical & Life Sciences Collection, Henry Stewart Talks Ltd, London. Access presentation
Levin, M., (2011), Endogenous Bioelectric Signals as Morphogenetic Controls of Development, Regeneration, and Neoplasm, in The Physiology of Bioelectricity in Development, Tissue Regeneration, and Cancer, C. Pullar ed., CRC Press. Available
Levin, M., (2011), The wisdom of the body: future techniques and approaches to morphogenetic fields in regenerative medicine, developmental biology, and cancer. Regenerative Medicine, 6(6): 667-673
2010
N. J. Oviedo, J. Morokuma, P. Walentek, I. P. Kema, M. B. Gu, J.
M. Ahn, J. S. Hwang, Takashi Gojobori, and M. Levin, (2010), Long-range
Neural and Gap Junction Protein-mediated Cues Control Polarity During
Planarian Regeneration, Developmental Biology,
339: 188-199 [ cover ]
Vandenberg, L. N., and M. Levin, (2010), Consistent left-right asymmetry cannot be Established by late organizers in Xenopus unless the late organizer is a conjoined twin, Development,
137, 1095-1105 [ cover ]
Aw, S., Koster, J., Pearson, W., Nicols, C., Shi, N. Q., Carneiro, K., and Levin, M., (2010), The ATP-sensitive K+-channel (KATP) controls early left-right patterning in Xenopus and chick embryos. Developmental Biology, 346: 39-53
Tseng, A-S., Beane, W. S., Lemire, J. M., Masi, A., and M. Levin, (2010), Induction of vertebrate regeneration by a transient sodium current, Journal of Neuroscience, 30(39): 13192-13200 [ cover ]
Hechavarria, D., Dewilde, A., Braunhut, S., Levin, M., and Kaplan, D. K., (2010), BioDome regenerative sleeve for biochemical and biophysical stimulation of tissue regeneration. Medical Engineering and Physics, 32: 1065-1073
Blackiston, D., Vandenberg, L. N., and Levin, M., (2010), High-throughput Xenopus laevis immunohistochemistry using agarose sections. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, doi:10.1101/pdb.prot5532
Vandenberg, L. N., and Levin, M., (2010), Far from solved: a perspective on what we know about early mechanisms of left-right asymmetry. Developmental Dynamics, 239: 3131-3146 [ Cover ]
2009
Zhang, Y., and M. Levin, (2009), Particle tracking model
of electrophoretic morphogen movement reveals stochastic dynamics of
embryonic gradient, Developmental Dynamics,
238(8): 1923-1935 
Zhang, Y., and M. Levin, (2009), Left-right asymmetry in
the chick embryo requires core planar cell polarity protein Vangl2, Genesis,
47(11): 719-728 
Levin, M. (2009), Bioelectric mechanisms in regeneration:
Unique aspects and future perspectives. Seminars in Cell
and Developmental Biology, 20: 543-556

Levin, M., (2009), Errors of Geometry: regeneration in a broader perspective. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, 20(6): 643-645
Levin, M., (2009), Regeneration: recent advances, major puzzles, and biomedical opportunities. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, 20(5): 515-516
Levin, M., Sundelacruz, S., Levin M., Kaplan, D. L., (2009),
Role of membrane potential in the regulation of cell
proliferation and differentiation, Stem Cell Reviews,
5(3): 231-46
Blackiston, D. J., K. McLaughlin, and Levin, M., (2009),
Bioelectric controls of cell proliferation: ion channels,
membrane voltage, and the cell cycle, Cell Cycle,
8(21): 3527-3536 [ cover ] 
2008
Morokuma, J., Blackiston, D., and Levin, M., (2008), KCNQ1
and KCNE1 K+ channel components are involved in early left-right
patterning in Xenopus embryos, Cellular Physiology and
Biophysics, 21: 345-360
Oviedo, N. J., B. J. Pearson, M. Levin, and A. S. Alvarado,
(2008), Planarian PTEN homologs regulate stem cells and
regeneration through TOR signaling, Disease Models and
Mechanisms, 1: 131-143 
Morokuma, J., Blackiston, D., Adams, D. S., Trimmer, B., and
Levin, M., (2008), Modulation of potassium channel confers a
hyper-proliferative, invasive phenotype on embryonic stem cells,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Science,
105(43): 16608-16613
Sundelacruz, S., M. Levin, and D. L. Kaplan, (2008),
Membrane potential controls adipogenic and osteogenic
differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, PLoS One,
3(11): e3737, 1-15
Oviedo, N. J., Nicolas, C. L., Adams, D. S., and Levin, M., (2008), Live imaging of planarian membrane potential using DiBAC4(3). Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, doi:10.1101/pdb.prot5055 
Oviedo, N. J., Nicolas, C. L., Adams, D. S., and Levin, M., (2008), Gene knockdown in planarians using RNA interference. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, doi:10.1101/pdb.prot5054 
Oviedo, N. J., Nicolas, C. L., Adams, D. S., and Levin, M., (2008), Establishing and maintaining a colony of planarians. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, doi:10.1101/pdb.prot5053
Oviedo, N., and Levin, M., (2008), The planarian
regeneration model as a context for the study of drug effects and
mechanisms, in Planaria: A Model for Drug Action and Abuse,
Raffa RB & Rawls SM (eds), RG Landes Co.: Austin, pp. 95-104
Nicolas, C.L., Abramson, C.I., and Levin, M. (2008),
Analysis of behavior in the planarian model, in Planaria:
A Model for Drug Action and Abuse, Raffa RB & Rawls SM (eds),
RG Landes Co.: Austin, pp. 83-94
Aw, S., and Levin, M., (2008), What’s Left in
Asymmetry?, Developmental Dynamics, 237:
3453-3464

Oviedo, N., Nicolas, C. L., Adams, D. S., and Levin, M. (2008),
Planarians: a versatile and powerful model system for molecular
studies of regeneration, adult stem cell regulation, aging, and
behavior, in Emerging Model Organisms, Cold Spring Harbor
Press
Tseng, A-S., and Levin, M., (2008), Tail regeneration in
Xenopus laevis as a model for understanding tissue repair, Journal
of Dental Research, 87(9): 806-816 
Aw, S., and Levin, M., (2008), Is left-right asymmetry a
form of planar cell polarity?, Development,
136: 355-366

Vandenberg, L., and Levin, M., (2008), Perspectives and
open problems in the early phases of left-right patterning, Seminars
in Cell and Developmental Biology, 20: 456-463

2007
Tseng, A-S., Adams, D. S., Qiu, D., Koustubhan, P., (2007), Apoptosis is required during early stages of tail
regeneration in Xenopus laevis. Developmental Biology,
301: 62-69 
Adams, D. S., Masi, A., and Levin, M. (2007), H+ Pump-dependent
changes in membrane voltage are an early mechanism
necessary and sufficient to induce tail regeneration. Development,
134: 1323-1335 [ Cover ]
Oviedo, N. J., Levin, M., (2007), smedxin-11 is a Planarian Stem
Cell Gap Junction Gene Required for Regeneration and Homeostasis. Development,
134: 3121-3131
Aw, S., Adams, D. S., Qiu, D., and Levin, M., (2007),
H,K-ATPase protein Localization and Kir4.1 function reveal
concordance of 3 axes during early determination of left-right
asymmetry, Mechanisms of Development, 125:
353-372
Koustubhan, P., Sorocco, D., and Levin, M., (2007), Establishing
and Maintaining a Xenopus laevis colony for research laboratories, in Source
Book of Models for Biomedical Research, M. Conn ed., Humana Press
Levin, M., Palmer, R., (2007), Left-right patterning from the
inside out. BioEssays, 29: 271-287
Levin, M., (2007), Gap junctional signaling in morphogenesis. Progress
in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, 94 (1-2): 186-206
Levin, M., (2007), Large-Scale Biophysics: Ion Flows and
Regeneration. Trends in Cell Biology, 17(6): 262-271
Ingber, D., and Levin, M. (2007), What lies at the interface of
regenerative medicine and developmental biology?. Development,
134: 2541-2547 
Oviedo, N., and Levin, M. (2007), Gap junctions provide
new links in Left-Right patterning, Cell, 129:
645-647
2006
Hibino, T., I. Yuichiro, Levin, M., and Nishino, A.,
(2006), Ion flow regulates left-right asymmetry in sea
urchin development. Development, Genes and Evolution,
216(5): 265-76
Shimeld, S. M., and Levin, M., (2006), Evidence
for the regulation of left-right asymmetry in Ciona intestinalis by ion
flux. Developmental Dynamics,
235(6): 1543-1553
Adams DS, Robinson KR, Fukumoto T, Yuan S, Yelick P, Kuo L,
McSweeney M, Levin M., (2006), The V-ATPase generates
asymmetric H+ flux required for correct LR asymmetry in chick and frog
embryos. Development, 133:
1657-1671
Hicks, C., Sorocco, D., and Levin, M., (2006), Automated Analysis of Behavior: A Computer-Controlled System
for Drug Screening and the Investigation of Learning. Journal
of Neurobiology, 66(9): 977-90 
Esser, A. T., Smith, K. C., Weaver, J. C., and Levin, M.,
(2006), A Mathematical Model of Morphogen Electrophoresis
through Gap Junctions. Developmental Dynamics,
235: 2144-2159
Adams, D. S., and Levin, M., (2006), Inverse
Drug Screens: a rapid and inexpensive method for implicating molecular
targets. Genesis, 44: 530-540
Adams,
D., and Levin, M., (2006), Strategies and techniques for
investigation of biophysical signals in patterning, in Analysis
of Growth Factor signaling in Embryos, M. Whitman and A. K.
Sater eds., pp. 177-214, Methods in Signal Transduction Series, CRC
Press

Levin, M., Lauder, J., and
Buznikov, G., (2006), Of minds and embryos: serotonin
signaling as a pre-nervous morphogenetic mechanism. Developmental
Neuroscience, 28:171-185
Levin, M., (2006), Is the Early Left-Right Axis like a Plant, a
Kidney, or a Neuron? The Integration of Physiological Signals in
Left-Right Asymmetry. Birth Defects Research (Part C),
78: 191-223

2005
Fukumoto, T., and Levin, M., (2005), Asymmetric
expression of Syndecan-2 in early chick embryogenesis. MOD:
Gene Expression Patterns, 5: 525-528
Fukumoto, T., Kema, I., and Levin, M., (2005), Serotonin signaling is a very early step in patterning of
the left-right axis in chick and frog embryos. Current
Biology, 15: 794-803
Nogi, T., Yuan, Y., Sorocco, D., Perez-Tomas, R., and M.
Levin, (2005), Eye regeneration assay reveals an invariant
functional left-right asymmetry in the early bilaterian, Dugesia
japonica. Laterality, 10(1):
193-205
Qiu, D., Cheng, S.M., Wozniak, L., McSweeney, M., Perrone,
E., and Levin, M., (2005), Localization and loss-of-function
implicates ciliary proteins in early, cytoplasmic roles in left-right
asymmetry. Developmental Dynamics, 234:
176-189 
Shin, J-B., Adams, D., Paukert, M., Siba, M., Sidi, S.,
Levin, M., Gillespie, P. G., and Grunder, S., (2005), Xenopus TRPN1 (NOMPC) localizes to microtubule-based cilia in epithelial cells. P.N.A.S.,
102(35): 12572-12577
Gamer L. W., Nove J., Levin M., Rosen V., (2005), BMP-3 is a novel inhibitor of both activin and BMP-4
signaling in Xenopus embryos. Developmental
Biology, 285(1): 156-68
Nogi, T., and Levin, M., (2005), Characterization of innexin gene expression and functional
roles of gap-junctional communication in planarian
regeneration. Developmental Biology,
287: 314-335
Fukumoto, T., Blakely, R., and Levin, M., (2005), Serotonin transporters are a conserved, early mechanism in
left-right patterning. Developmental
Neuroscience, 27(6): 349 - 363
Levin, M., (2005), Left-right asymmetry in
embryonic development: a comprehensive review. Mechanisms
of Development, 122(1): 3-25
2004
Levin, M., (2004), A novel immunohistochemical method for
evaluation of antibody specificity and detection of labile targets in
biological tissue. Journal of Biophysical and
Biochemical Methods, 58: 85-96
Levin, M., (2004), The embryonic origins of
left-right asymmetry. Critical Reviews in
Oral Biology and Medicine, 15(4): 197-206

Adams, D. S., and Levin, M. (2004). Early Patterning of
the Left/Right Axis. In Gastrulation: from cells to
embryo (C. D. Stern, Ed.), pp. 403-417. Cold Spring
Harbor, New York. 
2003
Bunney, T. D., De Boer, A. H., and M. Levin, (2003),
Fusicoccin signaling reveals 14-3-3 protein function as a novel step in
left-right patterning during amphibian embryogenesis, Development,
130: 4847-4858
Levin, Michael, (2003), Left-Right Asymmetry in Amphibian
Embryogenesis, in Developmental Biology, Vol. 6 of
Biology of the Amphibia, edited by Harold Heatwole and
Brenda Brizuela
M. Levin, (2003), Electromagnetic fields in
morphogenesis. Bioelectromagnetics, 24:
295-315
M. Levin, (2003), Motor protein control of ion flux is an
early step in embryonic Left-Right asymmetry. BioEssays,
25(10): 1002-1010
2002
Levin, Michael, T. Thorlin, K. Robinson, T. Nogi, and M.
Mercola, (2002), H+/K+-ATPase activity comprises an early step of
left-right asymmetry during development. Cell,
111: 77-89
J. Rutenberg, S. M. Cheng, and M. Levin, (2002), Early
embryonic expression of ion channels and pumps in chick and Xenopus
embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics,
225(4): 469-484
S. M. Cheng, I. Chen, and M. Levin, (2002), Katp channel
activity is required for hatching in Xenopus. Developmental
Dynamics, 225(4): 588-591
Levin, Michael, (2002), Gap-junctional communication and
embryonic development. Journal of Membrane Biology,
185 (3): 177-192
2001
M. Mercola, and M. Levin, (2001), Left-Right asymmetry
determination in vertebrates. Annual Review of Cell and
Developmental Biology, 17: 779-805
Levin, Michael, (2001), Asymmetry of Body and Brain:
Embryological and Twin Studies. In: Smelser N, Baltes P (eds.)
International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences.
Elsevier, Oxford, UK, pp. 853-9
2000
Levin, Michael, and M. Mercola, (2000), Expression of
Connexin30 in Xenopus embryos and its involvement in hatching gland
function, Developmental Dynamics, 219(1):
96-101
1999
Levin, Michael, (1999), Twinning and embryonic left-right
asymmetry. Laterality, 4(3): 197-208
L. Zhu, M. J. Marvin, A. Gardiner, A. B. Lassar, M.
Mercola, C. D. Stern, and M. Levin, (1999), Cerberus regulates
left/right asymmetry of the embryonic head and heart. Current
Biology, 9(17): 931-938
Levin, Michael, and M. Mercola, (1999), Gap
Junction-Mediated Transfer of Left-Right Patterning Signals in the
Early Chick Blastoderm is Upstream of Shh Asymmetry in the Node. Development,
126: 4703-4714
Levin, Michael, (1999), Left-right asymmetry in animal
embryogenesis, in Advances in Biochirality,
edited by G. Palyi, C. Zucchi, and L. Caglioti, ch. 12, p. 137-152,
Elsevier: Amsterdam
Levin, Michael, (1999), Endogenous electromagnetic fields
and radiations in regeneration, development, and neoplasm, Proceedings
of the First World Congress on the Effects of Electricity and Magnetism
in the Natural World, Madeira, Portugal
1998
Levin, Michael, (1998), Follistatin mimics the endogenous
streak inhibitory activity in early chick embryos. International
Journal of Developmental Biology, 42: 553-559
Levin, Michael, and M. Mercola, (1998), Gap junctions are
involved in the early generation of left right asymmetry. Developmental
Biology, 203(1): 90-105
Levin, Michael, and M. Mercola, (1998), Events upstream
of asymmetrical Nodal expression: reconciling the chick and frog. Developmental
Genetics, 23(3): 185-193
Levin, Michael, (1998), Left-Right asymmetry and the chick
embryo. Seminars in Developmental Biology,
9: 67-76
Levin, Michael, and M. Mercola, (1998), The compulsion of
chirality. Genes & Development,
12: 763-769
1997
Levin, Michael, and Susan G. Ernst, (1997), DC magnetic
field effects on early sea urchin development. Bioelectromagnetics,
18(3): 255-263
Levin, Michael, S. Pagan, D. Roberts, J. Cooke, M. Kuehn,
and C. Tabin, (1997), Left/Right patterning signals and the
independent regulation of different aspects of situs in the chick
embryo. Developmental Biology, 189:
57-67
Levin, Michael, and N. Nascone, (1997), Two models of
initial Left-Right Asymmetry Determination. Medical
Hypotheses, 49: 429-435
Levin, Michael, (1997), Left-Right Asymmetry in Embryonic
Morphogenesis. BioEssays, 19(4): 287-296
1996
Levin, Michael, D. Roberts, L. Holmes, and C. Tabin,
(1996), Laterality defects in Conjoined Twins. Nature,
385: 321
1995
Levin, Michael, and Ernst, Susan G., (1995), AC magnetic
field effects on early sea urchin development. Bioelectromagnetics,
16: 231-240 
Levin, Michael, R. L. Johnson, C. D. Stern, M. Kuehn, and
C. Tabin, (1995), A molecular pathway determining left-right asymmetry
in chick embryogenesis. Cell, 82: 1-20 [ cover]
Levin, Michael, (1995), Use of Genetic Algorithms to solve
biomedical Problems. M.D. Computing, 12(3): 193-198 
Levin, Michael, (1995), A genetic algorithm model of the
evolution of animal communication. BioSystems, 36:
167-178

Levin, Michael, (1995), Locating putative protein signal
sequences using genetic algorithms, in applications
Handbook of Genetic Algorithms, Vol. 2, pp.
53-66, CRC Press: FL
1994
Levin, Michael, A Julia set model of field-directed
morphogenesis, (1994), Computer Applications in the
Biosciences, 10(2): 85-103 
Levin, Michael, (1994), Discontinuous and alternate q-system
fractals. Computers and Graphics, 18(6): 873-884 
1993
Levin, Michael, Current and potential applications of
bioelectromagnetics in medicine, (1993), ISSEEM Journal,
4(1): 77-87
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